21.0 21.0 20.5 (1.four) (1.four) (1.4) (1.3) 22.eight (1.9) 20.eight (1.1) 21.1 (1.0) 21.9 (two.2) 20.5 (1.3) 20.five (1.1) 20.four (1.1) 20.5 (1.2) 20.three (1.1) 20.5 (1.1) 20.six (1.3) 20.3 (1.two) Impaired ( )# Impaired ( )# 20.two (0.9) 20.6 (1.1) 0.1 (0.9) 20.four (0.six) 20.six (0.9) 20.two (1.four) 20.six (2.6) 20.4 (1.three) 20.2 20.two 20.three 20.three (1.two) (1.two) (1.2) (1.0) 20.9 (1.3) 20.1 (0.eight) 20.3 (0.9) 20.8 (1.7) 20.4 (1.1) 20.4 (0.9) Mean z (SD) Mean z (SD) Mean z (SD

21.0 21.0 20.5 (1.4) (1.four) (1.4) (1.three) 22.eight (1.9) 20.eight (1.1) 21.1 (1.0) 21.9 (two.2) 20.5 (1.three) 20.5 (1.1) 20.4 (1.1) 20.5 (1.two) 20.three (1.1) 20.5 (1.1) 20.six (1.3) 20.three (1.2) Impaired ( )# Impaired ( )# 20.2 (0.9) 20.6 (1.1) 0.1 (0.9) 20.four (0.6) 20.6 (0.9) 20.two (1.4) 20.6 (two.6) 20.4 (1.three) 20.2 20.two 20.3 20.3 (1.2) (1.two) (1.two) (1.0) 20.9 (1.three) 20.1 (0.eight) 20.3 (0.9) 20.eight (1.7) 20.four (1.1) 20.4 (0.9) Imply z (SD) Imply z (SD) Imply z (SD) Impaired ( )# 24 Gy (n = 186) No CRT?(n = 63) Focal RTk (n = 71) BT CSI?(n = 83) Imply z (SD) 21.3 (1.two) 21.five (1.2) 21.2 (1.3) 21.three (1.two) 21.eight (1.three) 22.1 (two.1) 21.2 (3.five) 20.7 (two.2) 21.6 21.two 21.5 21.0 (1.two) (1.2) (1.3) (0.9) 23.2 (1.9) 21.two (1.1) 21.six (0.eight) 23.two (2.2) 21.1 (1.2) 21.0 (0.9) Impaired ( )# Krull et al 9.3 three.7 7.five five.1 six.1 2.three four.7 14.5 eight.four 7.9 six.1 13.1 four.7 9.three six.5 2.three 16.eight 15.9 three.3 1.9 15.9 14.0 five.six 0.5 12.0 five.four 11.4 3.6 9.two 1.eight eight.6 21.five eight.five 12.8 10.4 18.7 8.4 9.0 10.2 five.4 16.9 16.9 2.4 5.five 23.0 18.8 8.four 0.six 27.0 10.3 21.0 14.1 15.four 6.0 14.0 31.1 14.1 20.four 14.four 30.6 18.three 16.1 18.eight 12.9 27.0 24.9 10.three 9.two 31.7 26.5 15.six two.7 9.8 9.eight 14.5 14.8 9.eight four.9 9.8 27.9 23.three 8.5 six.8 17.7 six.5 9.7 11.three three.2 40.0 39.0 six.7 11.7 37.1 33.3 11.three 3.2 14.3 14.3 22.five 11.4 23.5 16.two 19.four 41.two 32.3 16.7 15.two 36.six 19.7 26.8 25.four 11.3 64.six 61.5 16.9 26.2 52.1 44.six 16.9 eight.five 32.five 32.five 45.1 33.8 44.7 25.0 42.1 47.5 42.five 20.five 14.1 54.9 40.7 30.9 36.three 19.5 66.three 64.6 31.three 37.five 68.3 64.9 26.eight 11.No CRT* (n = 214)?2018 by American Society of Clinical OncologyImpairmentMean z (SD)Impaired ( )#0.0 (0.9) 20.two (1.1) 0.1 (0.9)20.two (0.six) 20.four (0.9)20.1 (1.two) 20.1 (1.1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene site 6) 20.1 (1.1)0.1 0.0 20.1 0.(1.1) (1.1) (1.1) (1.0)Intelligence Full scale Verbal Perceptual Academics Word reading Mathematics Interest Focused Sustained Variability Memory New finding out Brief term Extended term Span Processing speed Motor Visual Visual-motor Executive function Flexibility Fluency Working memory20.86208-18-6 uses 9 (1.3) 0.1 (1.0) 20.1 (1.0)20.5 (1.7) 20.3 (0.9) 20.2 (0.9)NOTE. Information in the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study, derived from Krull et al3 and Brinkman et al1; z scores are in reference to age-adjusted nationally (United states of america) representative norms.PMID:24377291 Abbreviations: ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; BT, brain tumor; CRT, cranial radiation therapy; CSI, craniospinal irradiation; SD, common deviation. *Mean years considering that diagnosis, 20.9; mean age, 27.eight years. Imply years given that diagnosis, 24.9; imply age, 31.5 years. Imply years because diagnosis, 32.8; mean age, 39.1 years. �Mean years since diagnosis, 16.six; mean age, 27.1 years. kMean years because diagnosis, 18.0; imply age, 24.five years. ean years since diagnosis, 18.four; mean age, 26.0 years. #Severe impairment defined as scores falling two SDs below the population mean; 2.3 anticipated impairment inside the basic population.JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGYNeurocognitive OutcomesPretreatmentTreatmentPost-treatmentClinical aspects Cancer severity, grade, risk Tumor location, size Age at diagnosis, sex Comorbidities, complications Latent genetic polymorphisms eg, COMT, APOE 4, MAOA, trisomy 21 Neurodevelopmental status Pre-existing finding out, consideration, or other developmental difficulties Cognitive abilityClinical aspects Renal and hepatic function, metabolism Infections Acute neurotoxicity Genetic polymorphisms eg, MTHFR, MTR, GST Physiologic response White/gray matter cellular injury Vascular injury Inflammation, oxidative stress Fatigue, physical activityCNS status White matter volume, integrity Gray matter volume Connectivity Seizures, stroke Ph.